During the same period, Pernambuco state was responsible for about 20.1% of the total probable cases and for 19.4% of deaths by dengue in the Northeast region. Between 20, for example, more than one million dengue probable cases and 707 deaths were reported, corresponding to 18.1 and 22.3% of all country, respectively. In recent years, the Northeastern region has also been highlighted as one of the regions with the highest number of cases and deaths by dengue. In Brazil, a dengue-endemic country, outbreaks began to be frequent from the nineteenth century, initially in Rio de Janeiro state, Southeastern region. Interestingly, the association between climatic factors and mosquito-borne infectious diseases, such as dengue and Zika, has also been demonstrated through information extracted from newspapers. albopictus, are some of the elements that contribute to the incidence of dengue. In relation to environmental factors, uncontrolled urbanization and climatic conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, capable of influencing the population of vector mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and Ae. Age, gender, ethnicity, education level or socio-economic status, for example, have already been related to the risk of DENV infections. Several studies have also associated socio-environmental aspects with the number of dengue cases. In addition, the co-circulation of different DENV serotypes and the possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) has been one of the main determinants of the severity of infections. The introduction of new serotypes into areas free of their circulation and/or the re-emergence of serotypes after considerable epidemiological silencing has been responsible for millions of infections. Regarding the host, herd immunity has historically influenced the incidence of dengue. The number of dengue cases is the result of a complex interaction between viral, environmental and host factors, which also influence the signs and symptoms of the disease. It is believed that over 2.5 billion people, i.e., over 40% of the world’s population, are at risk of dengue fever, mainly in South and Central America, Africa and South Asia. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 to 100 million new DENV infections occur worldwide each year and in more than 100 endemic countries. ![]() Finally, we believe that this epidemiological knowledge is important to direct public health policies to the reality of each population.ĭengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, and has four antigenically distinct serotypes, DENV-1, − 2, − 3 and − 4. In addition, we observed that these cases were probably more influenced by rainfall than by temperature. We identified the epidemiological profile of dengue in Pernambuco, Brazil, reporting the gender, age, ethnicity and regions most affected by different dengue types. Overall, over the years, there has been a decrease in dengue cases in all regions of Pernambuco. Recife was the region with the highest numbers of both total cases and incidence rates and the highest rainfall levels. Regarding severe dengue, mulattoes were the most affected, but it is possible to note a trend towards a more uniform distribution between the genders and ages. In 20, however, the numbers of dengue without and with warning signs were more evenly distributed and the difference in cases within groups decreased significantly. The most observed characteristics in the less severe dengue phenotypes were: female, mulatto ethnicity and age between 20 and 39 years old this profile was more clearly observed in 2015. Most dengue cases was without warning signs. p-value < 0.05 and CI 95% were considered in all analyses. Temperature and rainfall data were evaluated by Unpaired t-test. The distribution of cases over the years was assessed by χ2 test. DENV-positive individuals were classified according to the dengue type (without and with warning signs, or severe dengue), age, gender, ethnicity and intermediate geographic region of residence (Recife, Caruaru, Serra Talhada or Petrolina). These data cover all municipalities of Pernambuco, except Fernando de Noronha. This work is a retrospective cross-sectional observational study on the epidemiological profile of all dengue cases confirmed and reported to the Health Secretary of Pernambuco between 20. ![]() Here, we report an epidemiological analysis of dengue cases in Pernambuco state, Northeastern Brazil, during 2015–2017. ![]() ![]() In Brazil, especially in the Northeastern, dengue is an important public health problem. The spread of Dengue virus (DENV) infections, as well as their signs and symptoms, are the result of a complex interaction between several factors.
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